Decorative plasterwork such as cornices, ceiling roses, and ornate fireplaces are one of the most sought after features of period homes. They have a timeless charm and elegance, which is why heritage restoration skills are very much in demand today. Here’s a look at how this treasured architectural legacy developed throughout the ages.
Ornate plasterwork has existed since the era of the Roman Empire. However, it wasn’t until the 18th and 19th century that the artform really came into its own, thanks to new techniques such as fibrous plaster. This is composed of plaster of Paris and layers of hessian fabric that is ideal for forming intricate details.
The trend for decorative plasterwork emerged in the Regency era, coinciding with a time when architecture in the larger British towns and cities was flourishing. This was when many of the grand London townhouses were built. These homes are still highly sought after today for residential and commercial purposes.
They are characterised by generous symmetrical proportions and high ceilings. The wealthier homes were decorated with cornices and ceiling roses with Rococo designs such as leaves, shells, birds, and flowers. This trend was eventually superseded by Neo-classical designs with simpler and more restrained geometric patterns.
By the Victorian era from 1837- 1901, plasterwork in the country’s grander homes and public buildings once again became more elaborate and ornate. This reflected the emerging wealth of a Commonwealth nation that was at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution.
The early Victorian era, up to about 1960, still retained some of the simpler elements of Neoclassicism, but also incorporated stylised nature motifs such as vine leaves and floral designs. As the era progressed, the designs became even more elaborate, drawing on the rich legacy of the Renaissance and Gothic eras.
The Victorian era is notable for the sheer number of houses that were built, with an estimated six million residences constructed between 1801 and 1901. This rapid expansion reflected not just population growth but also a new wealthier middle class who wanted more spacious and modern homes.
The building trade expanded rapidly with materials becoming more widely available, and wealthier clients enjoyed the luxury of being able to choose their plasterwork designs from a range of catalogues. The trades became more diversified, with master craftsmen emerging in carpentry, plasterwork, stonemasonry, and so on.
Even the more modest flat-fronted brick terraces of the Victorian era usually featured some form of decorative plasterwork such as swags, mouldings, or dado rails. Richer homeowners would enjoy large moulded ceiling panels that may have featured classical Greek motifs or flowing foliage.
Many of these charming details have now been expertly restored in public buildings and private residences, helping us to appreciate the glories of the past in our present environment.
