How Can You Restore Listed Buildings After Unlawful Works?

Many of the laws surrounding listed building alterations and restorations were instituted following several disastrous ahistorical changes to British heritage and the spirit of why listed building consent matters was echoed in the recent case of The Rookery in Stanmore.

A Georgian-era mansion with accompanying stables, The Rookery is Grade II listed and according to its official listing dates back to the early 18th century as a home for the owner of the nearby Clutterbuck Brewery.

However, following its purchase in 2022, the building was subject to several changes that left the building “gutted”, with many of its original features removed and replaced with decorations and features described as “fake old”.

Planning and consent have been given to reverse these changes, despite fears that the building might have been so damaged by the unlawful works that it would become impossible to restore before they were stopped thanks to a concerted effort by local conservation groups and enforcement action.

Such was the scale of the illegal alterations that enforcement action was not initially served, although the potential for an unlimited fine and up to two years in prison is still an option under the current law.

It is reminiscent somewhat of the cultural destruction caused by the demolition of English country houses from the late 19th century up until the 1950s when a country house that would now be considered of cultural, historical or architectural importance would be demolished every five days.

Other threats included historic buildings that were bought by wealthy landowners in the United States to be shipped in their entirety brick by brick to another country. The specific threat to Tattershall Castle in Lincolnshire would prove to be a catalyst for greater protection of listed buildings.

Whilst the motivations for these early 20th-century demolitions are different to the faux-historical works made to The Rookery, the result is similar and the extensive restoration work will be looked upon with particular interest by everyone in the conservation community.

How To Care For A Restored Heritage Plasterwork Feature

Investing in expert plaster restoration can preserve heritage features such as ceiling roses, cornices, or panel moulding. Professionally restored plasterwork helps to maintain the original character of the building, and ensure that its uniqueness will be preserved for generations to come. It may also be a necessity if you have a listed building.

However, it’s important to care for the restored features carefully to ensure that they remain in good condition for the long term. This is not complicated, but there are some points to bear in mind. 

Control moisture and humidity levels

Plaster is a porous material; in fact, water ingress is one of the most common issues that traditional plaster restorers see. Moisture can lead to staining or cracking, or even cause the plaster to break up and fall away. If your home is damp, consider using dehumidifiers, and ensure there is good ventilation throughout the building.

Be vigilant for signs of leaks from pipes or ceilings, or poorly sealed windows or doors. Repair any damage immediately. 

Protect against heavy vibrations

Vibrations from power tools, construction work, or slamming doors can cause cracks in delicate plasterwork. Close doors gently or invest in soft-close mechanisms, and avoid drilling or using other power tools near to the plaster. 

If there is an unavoidable disturbance, such as a nearby construction site or constant heavy traffic, consider applying a protective coating to the plasterwork or seek a professional opinion. 

Clean gently and the keep surfaces dry

To keep the plaster looking its best, dust lightly with a soft cloth, but do not use water or cleaning fluids. Do not scrub or scour, even if the surface is stained. Instead, seek specialist advice in how to restore the original colour. 

How To Choose The Right Style Of Cornicing For Your Home

Decorative cornicing is a classic way to add character and definition to a room. It is traditionally associated with period properties, but it’s also making a comeback for modern homes as well. However, with so many designs to choose from, it can be difficult to know which style is right for you. Here are some useful tips.

What is the architectural style of your home?

It’s not strictly necessary to match the style of the cornicing to the architectural period of your property (unless you live in a listed building, in which case you should consult your local planning authority before making any changes). However, by aligning the style and era of the home and the cornicing, you will help to enhance and preserve its original character. 

Georgian era (1714–1837) cornicing favours floral motifs and egg and dart patterns (a repetition of oval shapes and a dart-shaped serrated leaf), often with bold and symmetrical designs. Victorian (1837–1901) style cornicing tends to be more elaborate, featuring nature-inspired motifs and scrolls, and highly intricate classical details. 

Edwardian (1901–1910) styles saw a return to simpler and more delicate patterns. The Art Deco era (1920s–1930s) updated this look with bold geometric patterns and stepped profiles. Modern styles of corning or coving tend to feature clean sleek profiles with slight curves or linear patterns. 

What is the size and height of the room?

The cornicing size and style should work in harmony with the proportions of the room, regardless of the era it was built. High ceilings work well with larger and more ornate mouldings, while standard or low ceilings suit more subtle and understated designs better. 

Coordinating with other plasterwork

If you have existing plasterwork such as ceiling roses, dado rails, or panel mouldings, choose a cornicing that will complement these features to create a cohesive and polished look. 

How Is Decorative Plasterwork Used In Contemporary Homes?

Decorative plaster mouldings are often associated with historic buildings, and indeed it’s possible to find some beautiful and well-preserved examples, particularly in listed buildings. However, contemporary cornice mouldings and other plasterwork features are increasingly a popular choice for modern interiors. Here’s a look at some of the potential uses.

What is the purpose of decorative plasterwork?

Decorative plasterwork such as ceiling roses, cornicing, and corbels are used to add depth, character and texture to rooms and hallways. Some of these features once served an architectural or practical purpose, such as corbels that were used for supporting shelves and mantlepieces, and ceiling roses that were used to protect the ceiling from soot marks.

However, over time the features have evolved into a way of drawing a room together to create a pleasing sense of harmony, and to add interest with touches of detail.

Sleek modern cornices

Cornices are used to soften the transition between the wall and the ceiling, and traditionally they were also ornate features with detailed leaf scrolling or floral designs. Contemporary cornice designs take a more subtle approach, creating clean lines to add an elegant framing to the room without being overwhelming. 

Cornicing works particularly well in spaces with high ceilings, to add simple curves or lines and create a more finished look to the room. 

Contemporary ceiling roses

Ceiling roses of the Georgian and Victorian style tended to be highly elaborate affairs with a combination of flowing curved shapes and floral or animal motifs. Modern interpretations favour geometric patterns, and are used to pair with statement pendant lighting to create a focal point. 

This feature works particularly well in larger spaces with high ceilings. For rooms with lower ceilings, opt for a smaller and more understated design. 

Decorative panel moulding to add interest

Panel mouldings were once the preferred choice for drawing rooms in large houses, and are particularly associated with Georgian properties. However, they are being repurposed to add depth and texture to contemporary homes, particularly those with large open-plan spaces.

The panels help to break up large areas of plain walls, and can be used as the basis for a feature wall. For a more subtle and understated effect, paint the walls and mouldings the same colour and let the lines do the talking. 

Ornate plaster corbels

As we mentioned before, corbels can serve a practical purpose, to provide extra structural support. However, they are also an aesthetically pleasing feature and can be used to create a more polished and symmetrical appearance to counterops, mantles, or shelving. Modern corbels are often painted in a bold contrasting colour scheme to draw the eye. 

So, there you have it: these are just a few examples of the way in which decorative plasterwork is incorporated in modern interior design. It is a timeless feature that can be combined with contemporary styles to bring an extra dimension to modern homes.

Why The Plaster Ceiling Rose Is Experiencing A Renaissance

The plaster ceiling rose has come full circle from being a functional item to a decorative feature that fell out of fashion by the mid-twentieth century, to a popular element of contemporary interior design. Here’s a look at the reason behind this rosy reflowering. 

The historical purpose of the ceiling rose

Originally, ceiling roses were not installed for decorative purposes, but to protect the white ceiling from sooty marks from candles or gas lighting. The dirt could then just be wiped away from the circular plaster moulding, rather than a wider area of the ceiling. However, they only tended to be found in the most well-off homes.

The grandest buildings often had very ornate ceiling roses with elaborate designs featuring flowers, leaves, shells or other natural motifs, combined with flowing shapes and embellished borders. By the Victorian era, ceiling roses were a standard feature in more ordinary homes, perhaps with simpler designs. 

The resurgence of the ceiling rose

Enhancing original features

Today, ceiling roses are enjoying a revival thanks to their ability to enhance the charm of original features in highly sought after period homes. They can help to maintain the character of a property, adding a touch of authenticity and elegance to the interior. 

Combining classical and contemporary

Modern interpretations of ceiling roses are now a fashionable choice for contemporary homes. They are perfect to pair with statement lighting such as chandeliers or sculptural pendant lights, and sleek designs can add a touch of timeless elegance to any style of home.   

Durability and sustainability

Decorative plasterwork is crafted from sustainable materials that are also highly durable, making it an ideal choice for homeowners who are looking to combine their ethical values with high quality interior design. 

Authentic Or Replica?: How To Tell If Plasterwork Is Original

Historic buildings and homes are highly prized for their original features, including plasterwork such as decorative cornice moulding. However, it can sometimes be difficult to know if the plasterwork is original to the era the building was constructed, such as the Georgian or Victorian period. 

This distinction is important, because it will affect the type of restoration and maintenance work the plasterwork requires. It will also help you to understand and appreciate the character of the building and others like it in more depth and detail. 

Assess the style of the plasterwork

The biggest clue to accurately estimate the age of the plasterwork is to assess the style and design, as each era produced distinct artistic traits. For example, the Georgian era (1714-1837) favoured elegance and simplicity of design, sometimes featuring friezes with classical motifs. 

Victorian era (1837-1901) plasterwork tends to be more elaborate, often featuring ornate floral designs, scrolls, or animal motifs. The Edwardian era (1901-1914) saw a return to simpler and more restrained patterns, with sophisticated clean lines and subtle curves. 

Find out the date your property was built, and consider if the style of the plasterwork is consistent with it. 

Examine the plaster

Older plaster tends to be made from a mixture of lime and sand, and it tends to be softer with a more porous texture. It may have a cream or yellowish colour as a result of its age, and the surface may have fine fissures or crumbling patches. If you gently touch the plaster, you may find that it is slightly chalky or powdery. 

Old plaster was often mixed with horsehair, particularly the initial layers, so you may spot evidence of this in any areas of deterioration. Newer plaster tends to be made from gypsum, which has a smoother surface and a harder texture, and may be whiter in appearance. It’s more lightweight and does not contain sand or hair. 

Consider the installation techniques

Inspecting the plasterwork closely will give you some insight into the installation method, which can help you to accurately pinpoint the date. For example, older plasterwork was often installed in sections because it tends to be heavier, so you might notice evidence of joins. 

It may also be slightly asymmetrical or have other slight imperfections, because it was handcrafted rather than cast in a mould. It may also show general signs of age and wear and tear, such as hairline cracks and discolouration. There may also be evidence of previous attempts at repair, such as patched up areas. 

Overall, it’s often possible to make a reasonably accurate guesstimate of the age of plasterwork by inspecting its condition, style, and craftsmanship. However, some replicas are very convincing, and old plaster that has been painted over can also be misleading. If you are in any doubt, it’s best to seek professional advice from a historical plasterwork specialist. 

Period Plasterwork: DIY Restoration Or One For The Experts?

Period plasterwork such as Georgian cornice mouldings are sought after features, adding style and elegance as well as material value to a home. However, original features have obviously been subject to the unavoidable effects of the ageing process, and may have become damaged by structural movements, renovations, or damp.

Naturally, you want your home or public space to look its best, and this may include the restoration of decorative plasterwork. But should you attempt this type of restoration yourself or call in the experts? Here’s a look at what’s involved, what you might be able to take on as a DIY project, and when it’s time to leave it to the professionals. 

What are the challenges of DIY restoration?

Compliance with regulations

First of all, you need to make sure that any work carried out falls within regulations and guidelines. 

If you have a period property, it may be listed or form part of a conservation area, and you will need to apply for consent before making any alternations or restorations. This is to ensure that the work is carried out using materials and techniques that are in character with the style of the building. 

What type of material is used?

Period plaster is made from different materials than modern plaster. Typically, it will be made from a mixture of lime, horsehair and sand that is built up in thin layers, whereas modern plaster is usually made from gypsum. These materials are incompatible, and could lead to issues such as cracking or discolouration if used together.

Therefore you would need to use specialist heritage plaster if you are attempting to repair rather than replace the plasterwork.

What is the condition of the plasterwork and surrounding structure?

Period buildings may have issues such as damp or structural failures that are the underlying cause of damaged plasterwork. If there are obvious signs of these issues, such as cracks, sagging, watermarks or mould, then they need to be addressed before the plasterwork is restored. 

How complex is the design?

Decorative plasterwork, particularly from the Georgian or Victorian eras, can feature highly intricate designs such as floral mouldings, geometric patterns, or scrollwork. Often these patterns are created with specialist moulding techniques to achieve a uniform effect, which would be almost impossible to recreate by hand unless you are highly skilled. 

What tools and techniques are required?

Even if you decided to go ahead with the restoration using mouldings, you would still need to get bespoke castings made. You would also need to research specialist tools needed to work with lime plaster, which may be costly and difficult to get hold of. 

Learning the necessary techniques and skills will also take a lot of time and trial and error, so consider if you have the time, resources and right mindset to deal with this. 

So, there you have it: taking on the challenge of historical plasterwork restoration should not be underestimated. Ameuteur work may cause irreparable damage, and can also be very costly and time consuming. Generally, anything other than simple repairs should be left in the hands of the professionals. 

Fine Architectural Details that Add Value to Your Property

Many homeowners carry out renovations with an eye on adding value to their property, to give the best chance of a good return on investment should they decide to sell in the future. The most popular renovation projects tend to be kitchen or bathroom remodelling, which can certainly have their place.

However, it’s important not to overlook finer architectural details, such as 

decorative plasterwork. Here’s a look at how these features can help your home to stand in a class of its own and gain an edge in today’s highly competitive property market. 

Attention to detail and making a great first impression

A well designed home that truly stands out needs more than the standard loft conversion or a blingy contemporary kitchen: it’s the attention to detail that really completes the whole look and draws the property together. 

This can be achieved with professionally installed decorative plasterwork such as archways, cornicing, or an intricately styled ceiling rose. When carried out with traditional craftsmanship skills, plasterwork details will bring depth and dimension to rooms that might otherwise be out of proportion or simply unremarkable. 

Enhancing historic appeal 

If you have an older property with original features that are falling into disrepair, or have maybe been removed altogether, restoring them can help to add those sought after qualities of charm and character to your home. 

Research the type of plaster work that would be most appropriate for the architectural era of your home, such as Victorian cornices or ceiling roses, to ensure an authentic result. This will enhance the historic and aesthetic appeal of your home, potentially attracting a wider pool of buyers and driving up the value. 

However, if you live in a listed building (a building that has legal protection due to its special architectural or historical value), then it’s important to check if you need permission to make any changes or repairs first. There may be certain stipulations such as using like for like materials, or restoring existing features rather than adding new enhancements. 

These regulations are not intended to be deliberately obstructive or to freeze the property in the era it was built, but to ensure that it retains its character while remaining a usable space. 

Boost to value with minimal disruption

Conventional ways to add value to your property, such as an attic conversion or kitchen extension are time consuming and invasive. Plasterwork enhancements can usually be carried out within much shorter timescales and with minimal disruption, and will generally involve a smaller budget.

Therefore if you are looking for a way to add the ‘wow factor’ to your property without taking a huge gamble with your time and money, then high quality plaster mouldings could be the solution you are looking for.